Protect noncombatants
Shield civilians and other nonparticipants from violence.
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WORLD MORALS EDITION XXI
Reject torture
Do not intentionally inflict severe suffering for coercion or punishment.
Comparative atlas · Original English corpus · Evidence before conclusions
A mapping is not a verified quotation. Workbook labels are preserved. An absent mapping does not mean rejection. We do not rank the moral worth of any system.
- Religious systems
- 32/52
- Nonreligious systems
- 13/41
- Represented systems
- 45/93
- Specific anchors*
- 1/45
61.5%
31.7%
48.4%
2.2%
*Calculated from source labels beginning “Specific”; not a count of verified quotations.
Corpus definition
Do not intentionally inflict severe suffering for coercion or punishment.
This is the atlas’s definition, not a substitute for a tradition’s own interpretation. Scope, exceptions and translations require review of each source.
Preserved calculation difference
The original index differs from recomputed unique-system or specific-anchor counts. Both are retained; the source file is unchanged.
All Systems: source 94 · recomputed 93
Overall %: source 47.9 · recomputed 48.3871
Evidence, mapping by mapping
45 selected mappings
Jehovah's Witness Christian Ethics · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Official neutrality, impartiality, family, gambling, and peace resources
Open original source ↗ www.jw.org
Official framework-level anchor · Abrahamic / Christian
Verify exact wording, authority, context, translation, and scope.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1474. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Jehovah's Witness Christianity · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Official Bible-based moral education and conduct materials
Open original source ↗ www.jw.org
Official framework-level anchor · Abrahamic
Framework-level mapping: verify exact wording, source context, doctrinal status, and scope before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1475. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Judaism · Tradition-level research anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Torah, Prophets, Wisdom literature and rabbinic tradition
Open original source ↗ www.sefaria.org
Tradition-level research anchor · Abrahamic
Comparative analogue only; verify exact wording, translation, school, denomination, historical context, scope, and exceptions before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1476. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Kantian Ethics · Tradition-level research anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Groundwork and duty-based ethics
Open original source ↗ www.gutenberg.org
Tradition-level research anchor · Modern philosophy
Comparative analogue only; verify exact wording, translation, school, denomination, historical context, scope, and exceptions before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1477. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Lutheran Christianity · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Luther's Small and Large Catechisms and Table of Duties
Open original source ↗ resources.lcms.org
Official framework-level anchor · Abrahamic
Verify the exact section and scope before quoting; framework-level mappings identify strong ethical analogues.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1478. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Medical Ethics · Tradition-level research anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
World Medical Association ethical declarations
Open original source ↗ www.wma.net
Tradition-level research anchor · Professional ethics
Comparative analogue only; verify exact wording, translation, school, denomination, historical context, scope, and exceptions before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1479. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Mennonite Christianity · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Confession of Faith in a Mennonite Perspective
Open original source ↗ www.mennoniteusa.org
Official framework-level anchor · Abrahamic / peace church
Framework-level mapping: verify exact article, doctrinal context, translation, and scope before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1480. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Migrant Worker Rights Ethics · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
Open original source ↗ www.ohchr.org
Official framework-level anchor · International labor and migration ethics
Framework-level mapping: verify exact article, doctrinal context, translation, and scope before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1481. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Nichiren Buddhism - SGI Ethics · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Official SGI-USA teachings on human revolution, dignity, equality, courage, compassion, and peace
Open original source ↗ www.sgi-usa.org
Official framework-level anchor · Dharmic / Buddhist
Framework-level mapping: verify exact doctrinal context, institutional authority, historical setting, and scope before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1482. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Red Cross and Red Crescent Humanitarian Ethics · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Seven Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
Open original source ↗ www.icrc.org
Official framework-level anchor · International humanitarian ethics
Framework-level mapping: verify exact article, doctrinal context, historical setting, and scope before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1483. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Quaker testimonies of simplicity, peace, integrity, community, equality, and stewardship
Open original source ↗ quaker.org
Official framework-level anchor · Abrahamic / peace church
Framework-level mappings identify a strong analogue; verify exact text and scope before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1484. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Religious Society of Friends - Quaker Ethics · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Friends General Conference materials on peace, integrity, equality, simplicity, community, and stewardship
Open original source ↗ www.fgcquaker.org
Official framework-level anchor · Abrahamic / Christian peace tradition
Framework-level mapping: verify exact doctrinal context, institutional authority, historical setting, and scope before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1485. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Secular Humanism · Tradition-level research anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Amsterdam Declaration
Open original source ↗ humanists.international
Tradition-level research anchor · Modern nonreligious ethics
Comparative analogue only; verify exact wording, translation, school, denomination, historical context, scope, and exceptions before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1486. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Seventh-day Adventist Christianity · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
General Conference fundamental beliefs, official statements, and Christian behavior guidance
Open original source ↗ gc.adventist.org
Official framework-level anchor · Abrahamic
Framework-level mapping: verify exact article, doctrinal context, translation, and scope before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1487. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Shinto · Tradition-level research anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Jinja Honcho educational materials
Open original source ↗ www.jinjahoncho.or.jp
Tradition-level research anchor · East Asian
Comparative analogue only; verify exact wording, translation, school, denomination, historical context, scope, and exceptions before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1488. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Sikhism · Tradition-level research anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Guru Granth Sahib and Sikh ethical principles
Open original source ↗ www.sikhcoalition.org
Tradition-level research anchor · Dharmic
Comparative analogue only; verify exact wording, translation, school, denomination, historical context, scope, and exceptions before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1489. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Stoicism · Tradition-level research anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Epictetus, Seneca and Marcus Aurelius
Open original source ↗ classics.mit.edu
Tradition-level research anchor · Greco-Roman philosophy
Comparative analogue only; verify exact wording, translation, school, denomination, historical context, scope, and exceptions before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1490. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
Tibetan Buddhist Universal Responsibility · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Official Dalai Lama teachings on compassion, nonviolence, environment, and universal responsibility
Open original source ↗ www.dalailama.com
Official framework-level anchor · Dharmic / Buddhist
Framework-level mapping: verify exact text, school, translation, historical context, and scope before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1491. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
UNESCO Peace and Human Rights Education Ethics · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
2023 Recommendation on Education for Peace, Human Rights, International Understanding and Cooperation
Open original source ↗ www.unesco.org
Official framework-level anchor · International educational ethics
Framework-level mapping: verify exact article, doctrinal context, historical setting, and scope before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1492. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
United Church of Christ Christianity · Official framework-level anchor
Reject torture · System profile
Workbook anchor (not a quotation)
Official justice, peace, inclusion, and creation-care ministries
Open original source ↗ www.ucc.org
Official framework-level anchor · Abrahamic
Framework-level mappings identify a strong analogue; verify exact text, article, and scope before formal quotation.
Independent review pending. Edition XXI · Teaching Evidence · row 1493. Source publisher, date, translation and license have not been validated.
History and geography: source limits
This edition does not supply a historical genealogy or coordinates for this teaching. Transmission, invention, population and geographic presence are not inferred from a mapping.
Explore connections in the same category
Shared systems in the corpus, not evidence of historical influence.
Do not glorify cruelty
Avoid celebrating suffering, domination, or humiliation.
Avoid unnecessary violence
Do not use force when less harmful means are reasonably available.
Unmodified source statistics
| Primary Rank - Religious | 32 |
|---|---|
| Overall Rank | 29 |
| Nonreligious Rank | 58 |
| Religious Frequency Tier | 8 |
| Religions Sharing | 32 |
| Religious Systems | 52 |
| Religious % | 61.5 |
| Nonreligious Groups Sharing | 13 |
| Nonreligious Groups | 41 |
| Nonreligious % | 31.7 |
| All Systems Sharing | 45 |
| All Systems | 94 |
| Overall % | 47.9 |
| Direct Official Anchors | 1 |
| Direct Evidence % | 2.2 |
| Cross-Sphere Balance Index | 51.5 |
| Religious Adoption Gap | 29.8 |
Religion-weighted commonality